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For centuries, scholars have wondered what daily life was like for the common people of Japan, especially for long bygone eras such as the ancient age (700–1150). Using the discipline of historical demography, William Wayne Farris shows that for most of this era, Japan’s overall population hardly grew at all, hovering around six million for almost five hundred years. The reasons for the stable population were complex. Most importantly, Japan was caught up in an East Asian pandemic that killed both aristocrat and commoner in countless numbers every generation. These epidemics of smallpox, measles, mumps, and dysentery decimated the adult population, resulting in wide-ranging social and economic turmoil. Famine recurred about once every three years, leaving large proportions of the populace malnourished or dead. Ecological degradation of central Japan led to an increased incidence of drought and soil erosion. And war led soldiers to murder innocent bystanders in droves. Under these harsh conditions, agriculture suffered from high rates of field abandonment and poor technological development. Both farming and industry shifted increasingly to labor-saving technologies. With workers at a premium, wages rose. Traders shifted from the use of money to barter. Cities disappeared. The family was an amorphous entity, with women holding high status in a labr-short economy. Broken families and an appallingly high rate of infant mortality were also part of kinship patterns. The average family lived in a cold, drafty dwelling susceptible to fire, wore clothing made of scratchy hemp, consumed meals just barely adequate in the best of times, and suffered from a lack of sanitary conditions that increased the likelihood of disease outbreak. While life was harsh for almost all people from 700 to 1150, these experiences represented investments in human capital that would bear fruit during the medieval epoch (1150–1600).

Japan --- Social conditions --- Population --- History. --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- History --- Population. --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс

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Languages & Literatures --- East Asian Languages & Literatures --- Japanese literature --- History and criticism. --- Murasaki Shikibu, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Japan --- Social life and customs --- History. --- Nihon --- Nippon --- Iapōnia --- Zhāpān --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Yapan --- Japon --- Japão --- Japam --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Yīpun --- Jih-pen --- Riben --- Government of Japan --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Nipponkoku --- Nippon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nihon-koku --- State of Japan --- Япония --- Japani --- اليابان --- al-Yābān --- يابان --- Yābān --- Japonsko --- Giappone --- Japonia --- Japonya --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс

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This is an important document in the history of Japanese-American relations. In 2002, President Bush spoke of the great Japanese scholar and statesman Inazo Nitobe, who envisioned a future of friendship between the two nations. This book is one of the means by which Nitobe sought to bridge the Pacific. Writing before World War I, he presents a detailed account of Japan and the Japanese in terms easily understandable to western readers, emphasising points of similarity rather than difference, often citing the work of western historians and philosophers in order to explain Japanese practices,

Japan. --- Japan --- United States --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Social life and customs. --- Foreign relations --- National characteristics, Japanese. --- Japanese national characteristics --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс

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After he resigns from his elite banking job to help a cousin manage a supermarket in post-World War II Japan, Kojima is challenged by a woman from his childhood to consider whether his business goals are worth his efforts.

Supermarkets --- Bankers --- Success in business --- Fiction. --- Management --- Japan --- Social conditions --- Economic conditions --- J5933 --- Japan: Literature -- modern fiction and prose by individual authors (1868- ) --- Super markets --- Supermarts --- Grocery trade --- Bank officers --- Capitalists and financiers --- Nihon --- Nippon --- Iapōnia --- Zhāpān --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Yapan --- Japon --- Japão --- Japam --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Yīpun --- Jih-pen --- Riben --- Government of Japan --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Nipponkoku --- Nippon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nihon-koku --- State of Japan --- Япония --- Japani --- اليابان --- al-Yābān --- يابان --- Yābān --- Japonsko --- Giappone --- Japonia --- Japonya --- Supermarkets - Japan - Fiction --- Supermarkets - Japan - Management - Fiction --- Bankers - Japan - Fiction --- Success in business - Fiction --- Japan - Social conditions - Fiction --- Japan - Economic conditions - Fiction --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс

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Japan --- National characteristics, Japanese. --- Civilization --- National characteristics, Japanese --- J4000.90 --- J4300.90 --- Japanese national characteristics --- Japan: Social history, history of civilization -- postwar Shōwa (1945- ), Heisei period (1989- ), contemporary --- Japan: Economy and industry -- history -- postwar Shōwa (1945- ), Heisei period (1989- ), contemporary --- al-Yābān --- Giappone --- Government of Japan --- Iapōnia --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Japam --- Japani --- Japão --- Japon --- Japonia --- Japonsko --- Japonya --- Jih-pen --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Nihon --- Nihon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nippon --- Nippon-koku --- Nipponkoku --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Riben --- State of Japan --- Yābān --- Yapan --- Yīpun --- Zhāpān --- Япония --- اليابان --- يابان --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Economic conditions --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс